Thermalconductivityisakeyindicatorformeasuringtheperformanceofinsulationmaterials.Thelowerthethermalconductivity,thebettertheinsulationeffect.Insulationmaterialssuchasglasswool,rockwool,andaluminiumsilicatefibrehavealooseinternalfibrestructurefilledwithair,andthelowthermalconductivityofairresultsinthesematerialshavingarelativelylowoverallthermalconductivity.Materialslikemicroporouscalciumsilicateandpolyurethanealsohavealowthermalconductivityduetotheiruniquemicrostructureandchemicalcomposition,effectivelypreventingheatconduction.
Duetothetransmissioncharacteristicsofpre-insulatedsteampipes,insulationmaterialsneedtohavegoodhigh-temperatureresistance.Inorganicmaterialssuchasaluminiumsilicateandmicroporouscalciumsilicatecanwithstandhightemperatures,maintainingstructuralstabilityinhigh-temperatureenvironmentsandcontinuouslyprovidinginsulation.Forsteampipeswithdifferenttemperatureranges,itisnecessarytoselecthigh-temperatureresistantinsulationmaterialssuitablefortheactualtemperature.Forexample,forsteampipeswithtemperaturesbelow250°C,theinsulationlayercanbemadeofglasswool;forpipesaround250°C–320°C,acompositeinsulationstructureofglasswoolandaluminiumsilicateneedle-punchedblanketcanbeused;forpipesaround320°C–350°C,aninsulationstructureofaluminiumsilicateneedle-punchedblanketoracompositestructureofglasswoolandaluminiumsilicateneedle-punchedblanketcanbeused.
Theinsulationmaterialsselectedforsteeljacketsteampre-insulatedsteelpipesalsoneedtohaveacertaincompressivestrengthtowithstandvariouspressuresduringpipelineoperation.Particularlyinapplicationssuchasundergrounddirectburial,theyneedtowithstandsoilpressureandpossiblegroundloads.Materialslikemicroporouscalciumsilicatehavehighcompressivestrength,maintainingstructuralintegritywhilewithstandingacertainamountofpressure,withoutaffectinginsulationperformance.Inactualengineering,therequirementsforthecompressivestrengthofinsulationmaterialsaredeterminedbasedonfactorssuchasthedepthofpipelineburialandsoilproperties.
Theintrusionofmoisturecansignificantlyreducetheperformanceofinsulationmaterials.Rockwoolandglasswoolhavepoorwaterrepellencyandmoistureresistance,limitingtheiruseindampenvironments.However,somespeciallytreatedinsulationmaterials,suchashydrophobiccompositesilicates,havebetterwaterproofandmoisture-resistantproperties.Inpracticalapplications,moisture-proofandwaterprooflayersareoftenaddedoutsidetheinsulationlayertofurtherenhancethewaterproofeffectandensurethestableperformanceoftheinsulationmaterials.
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